Financial Analysis of the Cheesecake Factory Essay

Table of Contents IntroductionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….3 Section 1Â…Â…..Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….3 Section 2- Ratio AnalysisÂ…Â…...Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…8 Table 1- Ratio Analysis for 3 restaurantsÂ…...Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..8 Section 3- Vertical AnalysisÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…9 Table 2- Vertical/Common Size AnalysisÂ…...Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…9 Section 4- Major Elements of Cash FlowÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….10 Table 3- Cash Flow Comparison for 3 restaurantsÂ…...Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..10 Figure 1- Comparison of Net Income Â…...Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…11 Figure 2- Comparison of Net Cash Flow from Operating ActivitiesÂ….Â….11 Figure 3- Comparison of Net Cash Flow from Investing ActivitiesÂ…Â…Â…12 Figure 4- Comparison of Net Cash Flow from Financing ActivitiesÂ…Â…...12 Figure 5- Comparison of Net Change in†¦show more content†¦Changs is the lowest with nearly a 1:1 ratio of current assets to current liabilities. Cheesecake Factory appears to be more efficient in converting its receivables into cash and selling its inventory. Receivables for the factory were converted into cash almost 29 times during the year, indicating that it typically took less than 13 days to receive cash from the receivables. In addition CF goes through inventory pretty quickly, most inventory is kept on hand less than 12 days and was turned over a total of 32 times during 2003. The number for inventory turn over seems particularly impressive considering that CF has the largest menu selection of the three restaurants. The restaurant purchasers must carefully examine the eating trends of the customers so that they purchase the right amount of ingredients/entrà ©e components and arent stuck with excess inventory. Inventory turnover is really important in the restaurant industry because most of the inventory accounted for is food, a majority of which is perishable. The quicker the inventory can be turned over, the less money wasted. CPK and PF Changs are slower at converting their receivables into cash, and slower at turning inventory into sales. For 2003, CPK converted their receivables into cash less than 3 times, the outstanding time for receivables was about 133 days. P.F. Changs converted their receivables to cash less than 2 times in 2003 with an outstanding time of 291 days. Inventory was on hand, for CPK and PF ChangsShow MoreRelatedThe Business Of Cheesecake Factory1324 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper is about Cheesecake Factory. Inc (SIC:5812), one of the most famous restaurants chain in the United States. This restaurant chain garnered people’s attention when it was founded in 1978 in Beverly Hills, California. Nowadays, there are hundreds of restaurants that have opened their doors under the Cheesecake name. The signature entre es such as pasta, steak, chicken and fish, as well as tasty appetizers like bread and salad, have made Cheesecake an unforgettable place. No matter where itRead MoreOrganizational Structure716 Words   |  3 Pagesorganizational structure of the Cheesecake Factory demonstrates how organizational function, and organizational design can lead to having a successful franchise. â€Å"The company operates 150 upscale casual dining restaurants under the â€Å"Cheesecake Factory â€Å"brandâ€Å" (Datamonitor, 2011). The company utilizes point of sale cash register system to maintain financial and accounting controls in restaurants (Datamonitor, 2011). The company is known for the variety of flavors in cheesecakes, and also offers a wide selectionRead MoreOrganizational Paper742 Words   |  3 Pagesorganizational structure of the Cheesecake Factory demonstrates how organizational function, and organizational design can lead to having a successful franchise. â€Å"The company operat es 150 upscale casual dining restaurants under the â€Å"Cheesecake Factory â€Å"brandâ€Å" (Datamonitor, 2011). The company utilizes point of sale cash register system to maintain financial and accounting controls in restaurants (Datamonitor, 2011). The company is known for the variety of flavors in cheesecakes, and also offers a wide selectionRead MoreCheesecake Factory Business Plan Essay3607 Words   |  15 PagesStrategic Plan: The Cheesecake Factory STR 581 March 31, 2014 Dr. Patricia Dues Strategic Plan: The Cheesecake Factory Table of Contents Executive summary 3 Mission and Vision Statement 3 Company Overview 3 Environmental Scan 4 External Environmental Analysis 4 Internal Environmental Analysis 5 Value Disciplines 7 Generic Strategies 8 Grand Strategies 8 Recommended Strategy 9 Implementation PlanRead MoreStrategic Business Plan for the Cheesecake Factory3108 Words   |  12 PagesStrategic plan for the cheesecake factory Executive summary The Cheesecake Factory is a successful restaurant in the urban areas in the United States of America (Kliman, 2006). The restaurant is popular because of the large proportions of food that it offers as well as its large menu. The company usually hires professional and qualified staff. This makes the company have fancy during service (Gabriel, 2008). The company has 165 restaurants in 29 states of the United States. David Overton foundedRead MoreCheescake Factory2029 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION The Cheesecake Factory Incorporated is in the â€Å"Restaurant Industry.† It started in the 1940s in the home of Oscar and Evelyn Overton. The business was so successful that in 1971, they moved the cheesecake business to Los Angeles and named it â€Å"The Cheesecake Factory†. In 1978, their son David founded The Cheesecake Factory restaurant in Beverly Hills and 30 years later you can find their restaurant in towns and cities all over the United States with new businesses opening all the timeRead MoreEssay on Elephant Bar- Mezzanine Financing3926 Words   |  16 Pagesprincipal at Allied Capital, was considering an injection of $20 million worth of mezzanine debt/growth capital in E-bar. Fruehwirth was aware of the fact that a restaurant with significant growth opportunity like E-bar could either be the next Cheesecake Factory, or flop and take the debt injection along with it. E-bar has shown initial success in California, but Allied’s investment committee ne eded to evaluate if this continued success can be applied outside the state. Areas of main concern includedRead MoreEvaluating The Management Effectiveness Ratios1301 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the company has chosen not to increase the price of its products in 2006, despite the rise of the raw material such as wheat that has seen its price increased by 140%. The margin of each sells has thus been reduced by higher costs. The cheesecake factory return on sales is two times bigger that PNRA’s profit margin. Nevertheless the average return of sales of the industry (7.21%) is approximately the same than PNRA’s ROS. As an extent, the company has therefore a greater total asset turnoverRead MoreEssay about Panera Bread Case1905 Words   |  8 Pagesmore than the $75M needed to repurchase stock would be against company philosophy of maintaining low long term debt levels. * Taking on more debt than required would result in unnecessary interest expense. Analytical Approach Scenario Analysis * Base Case * Revenue, PPE, goodwill, and liabilities are grown at 25% for 2008-2009 and 5% for 2010-2012. * COGS, SGA, and current assets,are forecasted as percents of revenue. * Depreciation is predicted asRead MoreExternal Environmental Analysis1722 Words   |  7 PagesExternal Environmental Analysis | Executive Summary In this paper we have been asked to accomplish an external environment analysis of the California Pizza Kitchen. In the introduction section, the purpose, the outcomes, and the methodology adopted have been mentioned. . As part of the research for this paper, a PEST analysis was accomplished as well as looking at the Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. (QuickMBA, 2007; Value Based Management, 2009) As part of the PEST analysis, the California

Introduction. Alcohol The Debate Of The Ages, Between The

Introduction Alcohol the debate of the ages, between the young and the old, researchers, people, alcohol companies, and parents. Within this topic, always comes the concern of when is it appropriate for people to legally drink alcohol. Currently, in the United States the minimum legal drinking age (MDLA) is the age 21. There are many reasons and sciences behind why the U.S. choose the age of 21. On July 17, 1984 the president signed an act called National Minimum Drinking Age Act (NMDAA). This mandated all the states, to federally instate this law within time all came around and the national age in the United States became 21 that they. Although 21 means one can drink it does not make them mature. Maturity is not based on if the body is†¦show more content†¦Within the bible one never states or acknowledges the age that an individual begins consuming alcohol, rather it continuously states for one not fall into drunkenness. In Ephesians 5:18, the Lord said, â€Å"Do not get d runk on wine, which leads to debauchery. Instead, be filled with the Spirit.† This is an example of how alcohol or in this case wine can interfere with simple tasks. Debauchery is defined as indulging, which God forbids and would rather them be filled with the spirit. Still in the 21st century debauchery takes place, but in sometimes in unsafe measures and that is why the government imposed that people can legally drink at an age of 21. Decision making amongst the late adolescent age group effected tremendously. Late adolescent individuals take part in high-risk activities, which in adulthood would normally not take place (Kim-Spoon, 2016). According to this study substance use is common with late adolescent, i.e. high school student, which later in life has many consequence (Kim-Spoon et al., 2016). On average, in the United States about 42% of high school students reported the use of alcohol (Kim-Spoon, 2016). According to Episodic Future Thinking Is Related to Impulsive Dec ision Making in Healthy Adolescents, states that adolescents have delayed discounting (DD), smaller sooner (SS), larger-later (LL). What this mean is that lateShow MoreRelatedEffectiveness Of Raising The Minimum Drinking Age1540 Words   |  7 Pages INTRODUCTION Alcohol is a popular product that has permeated global markets and dominated Australia’s social and cultural spheres. The use of Alcohol transcends both time and geographical barriers, with historical accounts portraying vivid scenes of alcohol consumption to mark momentous occasions or the medium for misbehaviour. A phenomenon of adolescents drinking to intoxication has been observed in recent years. In order to understand the present situation it is vital to consider the social andRead MoreLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1429 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction For two generations, Americans have needed to be 21 – or own an ID that states as such – to legally purchase and consume alcohol (Griggs, 1). According to The World Health Organization â€Å"the U.S. [is] one of only a handful of developed countries –Iceland, Japan, South Korea and Thailand are others – with a minimum drinking age over 18† (Griggs, 1). When Ronald Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, its goal was to reduce less-mature adults from consuming alcoholRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Addiction1102 Words   |  5 Pages Nature vs. Nurture: Addiction Introduction Psychology is a developing science which studies the mental functions, processes, and behaviors of an individual. In the science of psychology, many debates arise; nature vs. nurture is one of the most popular ones. These psychological debates are followed by research, backing up either nature or nurture or both. Nature suggest heredity impacts human psychological development; nurture suggests the environment impacts our psychologicalRead MoreIntroduction. Alcohol Has Manifested Its Place In Most1612 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Alcohol has manifested its place in most Western societies over the past few centuries. The fact that it is a drug does not hinder its wide usage and eventual abuse. Nevertheless, sci-entists have proven that alcohol can cause severe health issues and therefore, many govern-ments try to protect children and young people by enforcing a minimum legal drinking age mostly between 16 and 18 years, in some places even 21 years. While from a scientific view-point this law is more than justifiedRead MoreSubstance Abuse Counselor Career Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesI call alumni of my college and ask them for donations, before I ask them I have to gain their trust and that is also the basis for any counselor patient relationship. A big challenge that I will face is deciding which side I will take on a big debate in substance abuse counseling. Some people say that addiction is purely physical, while others disagree and believe that addiction is mostly psychological. Those who believe that it is psychological believe that it usually stems from abuse or as JaneRead MoreGender, Gender And The Media1501 Words   |  7 PagesThis book was written in a clear style with lots of instances from Anglo-American media, Gender and the Media. It provides a critical introduction to the study of gender in the media and updated assessment of the crucial issues and debates. The book looks in detail at five kinds of media: news, advertising, talk shows, magazines and contemporary screen and paperback romances. It is examined how presentations of female and male are changing in recent years. Gill asks how useful nations such as objectificationRead MoreThe Nature of Criminal Persistence by Females861 Words   |  3 Pages Introduction and Theoretical Frameworks The research considers the nature of criminal persistence by females from feminist, life course, and traditional criminal perspectives and examines two trajectories of criminal behavior: (1) Increasing rates of offending females, with offenses committed by females occurring at lower rates than for their male counterparts; and (2) Reported rates of sexual abuse occurring two to three times more often for female offenders than rates for the general populationRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction One of the bigger controversies today is the debate over nature versus nurture. With that debate going on there are many topics that are being researched under it, like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk aboutRead MoreEssay Defining Clinical Depression689 Words   |  3 PagesDefining Clinical Depression People of all ages, backgrounds, and walks of life have felt depressed and unhappy at some time in their lives. These periods of sadness usually pass after a short time, but for some people, this feeling can remain for weeks, months, and even years. (1) This prolonged state of unhappiness is called major (or clinical) depression and is characterized by a persistent sad or empty mood, loss of interest in favorite activities, difficulty concentrating, and many otherRead MoreEssay on Substance Abuse Effects on Children1052 Words   |  5 Pagesdevastating impact of substance abuse on those affected: chemically dependent individuals, those with a history of substance abuse/misuse, families/children and communities. The goal is to achieve and sustain abstinence for those addicted to alcohol and other substances in order for them to develop a recovering lifestyle. Finally, this paper will attempt to incorporate theoretical models and seek to identify appropriate intervention based on strategies and modalities Definition

Transportation and Distribution Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Transportation and Distribution Management. Answer: Introduction The concept of transportation and distribution is defined as the movement of people, animal, raw materials and the finished goods. The business organizations with the help of distribution and transportation channel move their products from one place to another such as from warehouse to the end customers. The major modes of transportation used by the business organizations include space, road, rail, vehicles, cable, and pipeline (Su et al., 2012). Therefore, the significant features of distribution and transportation include effective management of infrastructure, organizational operations, employees and the vehicles used for distribution. The delivery of raw materials and finished goods at the accurate time to the target customers ensures successful distribution and transportation. This report introduces the effectiveness of the distribution and transportation with respect to the goals and objectives of Nestle. Nestle was established in 1866 in Switzerland and is one of the globally recognized Health, Wellness and Nutrition Company that promotes healthy living for the people. Nestle has made the successful international venture in countries such as Asia, United Kingdom, United States and Canada since its origin. Good Food, Good Life is the mission of the company due to which the company aim towards providing highly nutritious beverage and food to the target customers globally. Nestle sells a wide range of products that include confectionary, pet care food, chocolate, meals, desserts, beverages, ice creams, coffee, and wafers. In 2015, Nestle generated 9.066 billion as the annual revenue that is comparatively lower than the profit generated in 2014. In 2014, Nestle generated approximately 14.456 billion ("Nestle", 2017) In 2013, Nestle was ranked as one of the companies in the top 10 within the cultural category. This is due to the immense popularity and admiration of the company among the target customers globally. The company has always aimed towards enhancing the quality of life of the customers by providing them with highly nutritious and healthy food. The company aim towards caring and helping the family of the customers. Thus, the principal aim of Nestle is to encourage and support people in leading a healthy life. Respect is one of the core values that Nestle follows while conducting the business. Nestle believes in respecting their customers, the surrounding business culture, environment, customers, future generation, and diversity. Mars, Danone, Cadbury and Mondelez International Inc are the potential competitors of Nestle ("Nestle", 2017). Incoterms Selection Consideration Level strategy is implemented by Nestle for appropriate conduction of planning and production. According to the concept of the approach, the company emphasizes to develop values for the target customers along with exploring the core competencies thereby, achieving the competitive advantages. The strategies and decisions used in managing the distribution and transportation aim towards establishing a strong customer relationship thereby, gaining competitive advantage. The incoterms follows the international commercial terms that is applicable for the importer and the exporter during transaction. Additionally, the incoterms monitors the action of the stakeholders in order to ensure risk management and responsibility (Zheng et al., 2014). Keeping in mind the requirement of environment sustainability, Nestle has designed and developed their transportation and distribution process. The main features of the distribution and transportation process of Nestle include: Using the available distribution networks and the operating routes of Nestle in the most effective manner In order to gain the ability to handle both safety and environmental issues by training the driver extensively For enhancing the transportation options, Nestle aim towards exploring the various opportunities by cleverly selecting the modes of transportation as well as using fuels that are less harmful to the environment (Moradijoz et al., 2013) Nestle aims towards effectively using the resources of the company by decreasing the rate of empty transportation of the trucks, evaluating the distribution of strategic network and maximizing the use of vehicles for distribution and transportation. Effective management of the operations is one of the ongoing processes conducted by Nestle for optimizing distribution and transportation. Keeping in mind the significance of sustainable business approach, Nestle is emphasizing towards restricting the use of traditional modes of transportation from road to rail or short-sea freight (Cui et al., 2012). Therefore, Nestle is facilitating the use of natural gases for the transportation vehicles rather than using fossil fuels. This initiative will help Nestle in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases thereby, controlling the adverse environmental impact. For the warehouses, Nestle is emphasizing towards selecting an alternative source of renewable energy by decreasing the energy consumption rate. In order to ensure reduced the adverse environmental impact, it is important that Nestle generates and implements unique and advanced technologies for distribution and transportation channel (Tsao Lu, 2012). Carrier Selection Criteria Considering the adverse impact of transportation on the environment, Nestle has opted for carrier transportation of the finished products and the raw materials. Maximizing the transportation efficiency, minimizing the transportation cost and the reducing the emission of greenhouse gases are the major factors that influenced the carrier selection process of Nestle. Therefore, the importance of the above-mentioned factors in determining the carrier selection for distribution and transportation by Nestle is stated below: Fleet vehicles: Nestle has been using various advanced technologies in terms of freezing cabinets in the trucks that are used for distribution and transportation. The use of advanced technologies in the carriers is an initiative undertaken by Nestle to maximize the transportation efficiency (Leou, Su Lu, 2014). Nestle has installed eutectic freezing plates in the range of trucks used by them for the purpose of transportation. The trucks remain cool overnight due to the installation of the eutectic plate while they are stationed in the distribution centers overnight. More than 1500 trucks with eutectic freezing plate are being used by Nestle for transporting, delivering and distributing Nestle products such as ice creams and pizzas to the distribution centers, retail outlets, and the target customers. Nestle has also installed Telematics in order to reduce the idling time of the trucks. The report suggests that in the past two years nearly 32% of the idling time of the trucks has bee n reduced due to the installation of Telematics (Amini Islam, 2014). As a result, nearly 250,000 gallons of fuels have been saved. Nestle has also emphasized in training the drivers to enhance the efficiency of the environmental and safety programs for the drivers. Nestle also puts 30% weight on the reliability of the carrier as the organization prefers consistent, trustworthy and quality while shipping the products. This provides an opportunity for the organization to create positive value and relationship with the customers. Nestle transports superior quality products to more than 60000 retail outlets that can be challenging if the company uses unreliable carrier resources. Additionally, unreliable carrier selection can delay the production and exportation of the Nestle products. Therefore, Nestle ensures that the carrier selected by the organization is reliable and trustworthy that will help in fast delivery of products to the customers at the right time. Reliable exportation also helps in increasing the level of customer satisfaction (Profillidis, 2014) Nestle puts almost 20% weight age on the technical capabilities of the carrier selected. Keeping in mind technical capabilities of the carrier, Nestle emphasizes on system that has appropriate skilled personnel, safe shipment and maintenance of the quality of the product. International transportation is more prone to risks due to various factors such as pace, quality and customers satisfaction. Moreover, Nestle also abides with the environmental conservation policies and implement a sustainable carrier system in order to achieve global standards. Therefore, Nestle needs to use a transport system that has state-of-the-art communication thereby, ensuring continuous shipment follow-up (Caiazzo et al., 2013). Nestle places 30% weight on the transit time while selecting the carrier system for distribution and transportation. The transport management of Nestle emphasizes on delivering the products in the minimum time possible in order to accomplish the core value of the fastest production. The main competitive advantage of Nestle is their capability to products hygienic product faster compared to the competitors in the market. Additionally, while shipping the products, Nestle also needs to consider the new strategies in the market within the minimum time possible. This will provide an opportunity sufficient sales time before introducing the new production batch. Nestle primarily uses air transport due to which the company has procured jets along with cargo planes. This ensured faster shipment of products for Nestle (Amini Islam, 2014). Carrier Relationship Management Partnership with relevant stakeholders determines the success of the international transportation. It is a mutual relationship with the business and the carrier that involves a mutual agreement with the customer duty individual, freight, local distributors and the purchase insurance. The main aim of Nestle is to create positive relationship with the associated stakeholders that are involved in shipping. Therefore, the company implements all the possible methods for ensuring healthy relationships with the carriers. The company believes in maintaining healthy relationship with the carriers both imports and exports that can achieved through adequate implementation of payments and regulations. Additionally, Nestle has positive relationship with airfreights and insurers that has values in terms of customers satisfaction and service delivery. Nestle prefers in maintaining a honest and continuous communication with transport and distribution partners thereby, helping in mitigating the possibility of misunderstandings and maximizing trust and reliability. With the recent technological advancements, Nestle shares important and crucial information with the partners that includes freight data and evaluation of the shipment. This provides an opportunity for Nestle to recognize the possibility of cost cutting and transport intelligence within a given time duration. Nestle also implements and follows full web-based communication system due to which the carriers are able to access relevant data such as freight bill, airway bill and loading bill easily (Hirsch, 2013). Nestle believes in respecting the objectives of the transport and distribution partners and ensures that they do not underestimate their goals or limit their opportunities. Nestle believes in upholding the satisfaction level of the distribution and transport partners just like their customers (Lee, Thomas Brown, 2013). Additionally, Nestle has an expert team that are solely responsible for communicating, negotiating and maintaining positive relationship with their transport and distribution partners. On the other hand, the selection of the appropriate carrier also determines the carrier relationship management. This is because the nature and objectives of the partners also determines the success of the business. Considering this, Nestle selects carriers by keeping in mind the goals and objectives of their transport partners (Arnas, Holmstrom Kalantari, 2013). Recommended Incoterms used by Nestle Keeping in mind the various kinds of customers Nestle has, the selection of incoterms will vary accordingly. Therefore, based on the type of the customers, the incoterms for shipping the Nestle products are selected. The retail store customers are considered as one of type of customers. Thus, Nestle spends shipment cost for the respective stores and is suggested to use Delivery Duty Paid in the case. Under DDP, Nestle will responsible for the delivery costs in the retail outlets. Additionally, more money needs to be paid to the customs from import and export facilities along with considering the risk of loss until the product reaches the retail outlet (Ruiz, 2012). Nestle must consider using Free on Board as it shall enable the company to deliver the goods on board the vessel as per the nominations of the buyer at the specific port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. In this situation, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards (Bowker et al., 2015). Therefore, it is recommended that Nestle must continue using Free on Board incoterm in order to save costs and reduce the risk involved. Another incoterm recommended for Nestle is EXW (Ex Works). In this case, the buyer is required to pay for everything. The buyer hires a forwarder for the airfreight and destination services. In this case, the buyer also pays for the transportation from the suppliers warehouse to the port, customs clearance, handling charges, and other costs that may occur. This incoterm provides the buyer additional control over the shipping but also involves extra costs in tracking the activities at the origin. The Cost and Freight (CFR) incoterm is also recommended for Nestle considering because of their online customers. According to CFR, Nestle will be solely responsible for cleaning the products for export along with delivering the product for railway shipment port and paying the required charges. The implementation of this incoterm will enable Nestle to ensure that the delivery is free of obligation. This will provide an opportunity for Nestle to establish effective relationship with the online customers and ensure brand awareness. However, on the contrary, this incoterm places the associated risks on the buyer. Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) incoterms can also be used by Nestle. According to this approach, the seller or the exporter is solely responsible for delivering the goods onto the vessels along with clearing the customs in the country. In this case, Nestle will be responsible for buying the insurance in collaboration with the importer that act as the beneficiary. The risk is transferred to the buyer once the products are shipped on to the carrier. The use of this incoterm is recommended for Nestle, as the risk is transferred to the importer thereby, compensating with the financial loss. It is also recommended that Nestle use incoterms such as Delivered At Frontier (2000), Delivered Ex Ship (DES) and Carriage Paid To (CPT). This is because the use of the aforementioned incoterms will allow Nestle to deliver goods to other countries with the help of importers and saving the risk of distribution and transportation. Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that distribution and transportation is a significant function in international trade, as it involves various types of regulations, partnerships and costs. A global company like Nestle has to make decisions that sticks to their core business values along with maintaining with the international standards and customer demands. Nestle implements international commercial terms or incotems for delivering their raw materials and finished products to more than 600 outlets in various countries internationally. Therefore, while shipping their products to the international markets, Nestle uses Delivery Duty Paid (DDP), Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) and Cost and Freight (CFR). Appropriate transit time, reliability and speed are the primary goals that Nestle considers while selecting the carrier for transportation and distribution. However, geographical locations and technical capabilities are also considered by Nestle while selecting the carrier. Air carr ier is primarily used by Nestle for transportation and distribution. Nestle aim towards managing the relationship with their carrier partners. Nestle uses ethical negotiation standards as the main approach for managing carrier relationships thereby, upholding accountability, integrity, transparency and respect. Nestle also ensures that constant communication with the transportation and distribution partners are maintained by using latest technologies. References Amini, M. H., Islam, A. (2014, February). Allocation of electric vehicles' parking lots in distribution network. In Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2014 IEEE PES (pp. 1-5). IEEE. Arns, P. O., Holmstrm, J., Kalantari, J. (2013). In-transit services and hybrid shipment control: The use of smart goods in transportation networks. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 36, 231-244. Bowker, J. A., Townsend, N. C., Tan, M., Shenoi, R. A. (2015, May). Experimental study of a wave energy scavenging system onboard autonomous surface vessels (ASVs). In OCEANS 2015-Genova (pp. 1-9). IEEE. Caiazzo, F., Ashok, A., Waitz, I. A., Yim, S. H., Barrett, S. R. (2013). Air pollution and early deaths in the United States. Part I: Quantifying the impact of major sectors in 2005. Atmospheric Environment, 79, 198-208. Cui, X., Kim, H. K., Liu, C., Kao, S. C., Bhaduri, B. L. (2012). Simulating the household plug-in hybrid electric vehicle distribution and its electric distribution network impacts. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 17(7), 548-554. Hirsch, P. (2013). Minimizing empty truck loads in round timber transport with tabu search strategies. In Management Innovations for Intelligent Supply Chains (pp. 97-122). IGI Global. Lee, D. Y., Thomas, V. M., Brown, M. A. (2013). Electric urban delivery trucks: Energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost-effectiveness. Environmental science technology, 47(14), 8022-8030. Leou, R. C., Su, C. L., Lu, C. N. (2014). Stochastic analyses of electric vehicle charging impacts on distribution network. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 29(3), 1055-1063. Moradijoz, M., Moghaddam, M. P., Haghifam, M. R., Alishahi, E. (2013). A multi-objective optimization problem for allocating parking lots in a distribution network. International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, 46, 115-122. Nestle. (2017). Nestle.com. Retrieved 10 November 2017, from https://www.nestle.com/aboutus Nestle. (2017). Nestle.com. Retrieved 10 November 2017, from https://www.nestle.com/stories#/category/featured-stories/1 Profillidis, V. A. (2014). Railway management and engineering. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Ruiz, V. (2012). Analysis of existing refrigeration plants onboard fishing vessels and improvement possibilities. In Second International Symposium on fishing vessel Energy Efficiency. Su, W., Eichi, H., Zeng, W., Chow, M. Y. (2012). A survey on the electrification of transportation in a smart grid environment. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 8(1), 1-10. Tsao, Y. C., Lu, J. C. (2012). A supply chain network design considering transportation cost discounts. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 48(2), 401-414. Zheng, Y., Dong, Z. Y., Xu, Y., Meng, K., Zhao, J. H., Qiu, J. (2014). Electric vehicle battery charging/swap stations in distribution systems: comparison study and optimal planning. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 29(1), 221-229. Transportation And Distribution Management – MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Transportation And Distribution Management. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the study is to carry out a detailed transportation and development service including incoterm analysis. In order to do so, Uniqlo Co. Ltd., the Japanese casual wear designer, manufacturer and the retailer has been selected for the case study. Transportation management deals with the moving products and requires the detailed analysis of the operational activities. The number of companies in the logistic industry is increasing that calls for better initiatives to be taken by the existing logistic companies (McKinnon, 2014). An analysis of the various approaches of the transportation and development management shall be carried on here. On the basis of analysis, certain recommendations can be made as well. Overview of the organization: The wholly owned subsidiary fashion retail company is headquartered at Minato, Tokyo in Japan. The company deals in clothing and has notable stores in Australia, Canada, China, France, Bangladesh, Thailand, Philippines, UK, USA and others. The company started its business by outsourcing their clothing to the factories in China were the labour are cheap when Japan was facing recession. In order to ensure better product design and quality of goods, the company believes in fast retailing and so carries out its international trade. The current distribution strategy is more likely from China, US and Mexico (Uniqlo.com, 2017). The company has warehouses and inventories in all these places that help them to be more responsive towards the demand of the market. The company always looks for reasonable shipping for the supply of their products. The company also has online shopping option that automatically increased the importance of transportation and distribution of the clothing products. Incoterms selection consideration: Incoterms include set of international rules for the sale and purchase contracts in order to make the global trade easier and also help the partners to understand each other. As commented by Leong, (2014), these terms definitely include price, quantity as well as the characteristics of the goods that are to be supplied by the particular company. The incoterms that are practiced in the regions of Singapore and other areas of operation shall be discussed in this report (Zllner, 2015). Different modes of incoterms based on the type of payment done in the complete process include the following: EX-Works: Here, the seller makes the goods available to the buyers and the buyer is responsible for the entire transportation cost. The seller also accepts the risk of loss of good till the goods are delivered to the buyers. Free alongside ship, Free carrier and Free on board: in this means of service, the responsibility of the sellers is only limited to send the goods to the transportation point from where the buyers will collect. This clears the responsibility of the seller further (Lee et al., 2016). Cost and freight; cost, insurance and freights: In this form of logistic service, the goods are not insured by the sellers and the buyers have to take the responsibility of the bearing the cost of loading and unloading the goods. Delivered at frontier; delivered ex-ship: In this form, the seller is responsible to deliver the goods directly to the named destination. The seller is completely responsible for the loss or risk of the goods. Uniqlo operates in more than 1,000 stores worldwide and employ different strategies in its business model to manage the distribution of its products. For the distribution of the goods in the domestic market, the organization uses the local distribution channels and the companies. For the international trading, the company surely has to depend on land, air and water transport for the purpose of transporting their products and goods. It has been found that Uniqlo uses delivered at frontier form of shipping and transportation in order to transport the goods and products of the company. The mode of payment for the specific incoterm: The company has been carrying out the incoterm activities in for of almost all types of incoterms considering the need of the logistics and delivery services. There is involvement of any third parties as well that help to deliver the goods in the right places. Keeping the present situation into consideration, it can be said that the Ex-works incoterms could be the best possible means of incoterm that this company can adopt for the delivery of the products in domestic and international places. In such cases, the risk of the sellers is minimized and the buyers are more responsible ranging from loading the goods to reaching it out to the consumers (Coetzee, 2013). Thus, the responsibility and the cost of delivering will be reduced as well and the company will be in profit. In such cases, the export reporting and clearance process will be easier and the seller will be less responsible towards the entire transaction process. Carrier selection criteria: Reading Stapleton, Pande and O'Brien, (2014), it has been found that there are a number of carrier selection criteria that are adopted by the major exporters or a logistic company. These are as follows: Arms Length Relationship: The type of transaction relationship transaction that lasts only for a single transaction between two parties and the companies have no future commitments is called the Arms Length Relationship. Type I Partnership: In this process, the companies get involved in a commitment and relationship with each other, and a short term contractual relationship is built between them that automatically requires a little investment to be made (Rushton, Croucher Baker, 2014). However, both the parties have limited scope of activities to be carried on with each other. Type II Partnership: The kind of partnership that are meant to last longer and requires the investment from both the parties in order to gain a status of preferred supplier. In this process, effort is made from both the end related to reducing the cost and expenditure involved in the shipping process. Type III Partnership: The type of relationship that does not depend on a formal contract or mechanism and the contract can be referred as evergreen is the partnership of type III. The assets can be jointly owned and can be shared substantially. The success or the failure of the relationship will have great impact on the higher executives (Okdinawati, Simatupang Sunitiyoso, 2014). The scope of the activities to be shared is substantial and requires huge investment from both the parties involved. From the above findings, it can be said that Uniqlo has been operating in the market and needs the support of logistic companies for the transportation and it has good reputation with its partners. For maintaining a long term relationship with the other partners, Partnership I or Partnership II can be the most preferable form of partnership that the company can make. As pointed out by Crainic and Laporte, (2016), when the company is responsible for carrying out huge capacity of carriers and requires the movement in a timely manner. The companies need to have enough resources, equipment and the human power to operate in the particular industry. For the same reason, Partnership I or II could be the best possible means of viable partnership that the company can adopt as a viable means. In this respect, Ross, (2015) commented that there are other benefits of getting into Partnership I and II forms. For instance, the companies in contract can make investment in the technology or the means of distribution to the buyers and the cost can be incurred in a mutual way. This way, the complete process will be carried on systematically starting from packaging to delivering the product from the seller to the buyer. Since, Uniqlo is responsible for the supply and distribution of clothing and other retail products, it is expected that the company should consider partnership I or II for providing better services to the customers. Carrier relationship management: The major goals and objectives of Uniqlo can be considered to think of better management in terms of its costs, customer services, industry awareness and continuous improvement. It is needless to say that without carrier relationship management, the survival of the clothing company like Uniqlo would not be possible (Tseng Hung, 2014). Carrier link will provide long term relationship that is most important in a competitive market situation. In this respect, three most important carrier relationship management criteria can be mentioned here. Offering reliability: The service that Uniqlo provides has to be reliable enough that the consumers can trust on the company for the delivery services this company is responsible for. In the age of online shopping, the importance of delivering goods on time has become crucial than ever. As stated by Wensveen, (2016), the service should be focused on delivering the goods on time, offering zero damage delivery with the accurate invoice of the product. In fact, the third party service should consistently meet the next level of shipping and delivering the product. This way, the company can be able to uncover the further costs and savings that the company might incure in order to provide improve carrier operations. Responsiveness: The service provided by Uniqlo should show the responsiveness towards the customers that would lead to better reputation of the company and help to increase the market share. In order to do so, dash revealed that tailored services can be offered to the customers that would automatically increase the cost of delivering that would add to the buyers end (Jiang Mahmassani, 2014). Being responsiveness towards the customers can also improve the relationship with the customers that can be easily considered as one of the vital components business. Innovation services: The logistic service is highly depended on the innovative and technological approach made by a company. The innovative management would include the inventory management, information system, billing and collection of the money from both the buyers and the sellers. With better innovative approach, the company would be able to accelerate the means of serving people and the overall cost can also be decreased. As mentioned by Tsao, Zhang and Chen, (2016), these approaches can be made easily in order to improve the overall management activities of the transportation and logistics services. For this purpose, it is highly recommended to use the Type III Partnership that is based on a consistency between the sellers and the buyers. Apart from these benefits, the money can also be directly collected through bank accounts because at many times it is observed that the exporters do not sign the financial contracts and the money that is paid to them goes missing (Tseng Hung, 2014). In addition to this, it can be said that by this way, the objectives and the goals of the mentioned company can be fulfilled. In order to get high return of the investment, it is expected that company would undertake these approaches that would bring prosperity in terms of both economy and reputation. Conclusion: A detailed analysis has been carried out on the transportation and distribution management and incoterm analysis. Uniqlo had been selected for the process of analysis. It has been found that the organization operates globally and has clear goals and objectives of expanding its business in the major areas where it operates. Considering the incoterm selection, it has been found that Ex-Works is the best suitable form of incoterm that the organization can adapt. It is important to include innovative means of carrying out the incoterm activity that would help the organization to increase its market share and improve its relationship with the customers. Recommendations: To recommend further, it can be said that the company should focus on the transportation service and try to deliver the products as early as possible. In order to do so, apart from partner shipping with the other logistic companies, Uniqlo should also make partnership with the innovative companies that provide robot service to reach out the customers. In doing so, the uniqueness of the company will go high and it can easily attract more consumers. Moreover, the reliability of the service would increase that would lead to the increasing demand of the goods and products of Uniqlo. References: Coetzee, J. (2013). Incoterms variants: greater precision or more uncertainty?.De Jure,46(2), 583-591. Crainic, T. G., Laporte, G. (2016). Transportation in supply chain management: recent advances and research prospects.International Journal of Production Research,54(2), 403-404. Jiang, L., Mahmassani, H. (2014). City Logistics: Freight Distribution Management with Time-Dependent Travel Times and Disruptive Events.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2410), 85-95. Lee, J. S. F., Teyssier, L. S., Nguimfack, B. D., Collins, I. J., Lallemant, M., Perriens, J., Moatti, J. P. (2016). An analysis of volumes, prices and pricing trends of the pediatric antiretroviral market in developing countries from 2004 to 2012.BMC pediatrics,16(1), 41. Leong, Y. S. (2014).Relationship between incoterms choices, selection factors and export performance: A case of manufacturing companies in Malaysia(Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia). McKinnon, A. (2014). The possible influence of the shipper on carbon emissions from deep-sea container supply chains: An empirical analysis.Maritime Economics Logistics,16(1), 1-19. Okdinawati, L., Simatupang, T. M., Sunitiyoso, Y. (2014). A behavioral multi-agent model for collaborative transportation management (CTM).Proceedings of T-LOG,62. Ross, D. F. (2015).Distribution Planning and control: managing in the era of supply chain management. Springer. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014).The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Stapleton, D. M., Pande, V., O'Brien, D. (2014). EXW, FOB OR FCA? Choosing the right Incoterm and why it matters to maritime shippers.Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics, and Policy,81(3), 227. Tsao, Y. C., Zhang, Q., Chen, T. H. (2016). Multi-item distribution network design problems under volume discount on transportation cost.International Journal of Production Research,54(2), 426-443. Tseng, S. C., Hung, S. W. (2014). A strategic decision-making model considering the social costs of carbon dioxide emissions for sustainable supply chain management.Journal of environmental management,133, 315-322. Uniqlo.com (2017) Uniqlo About us Retrieved from: https://www.uniqlo.com/uk/en/home/ [Accessed on: 28-7-2017] Wensveen, J. G. (2016).Air transportation: A management perspective. Routledge. Zllner, J. (2015). Export from United Kingdom to Mexico. Critical Analysis of Complexity of International Trade.

Were the 1930s the Devils Decade or a Dawn of Affluence To what extent where Britons living in poverty Essay Example

Were the 1930s the Devils Decade or a Dawn of Affluence To what extent where Britons living in poverty? Essay The 1930s is marred with the image of dilapidated housing, ill health and mass unemployment, however historians such as D.H Aldcroft and John Stevenson have argued this is not necessarily the case. Their representation of the 1930s showed innovation in our economy due to the unearthing of mass production, better health and greater entertainment and leisure opportunities. This image of poverty is one merely exaggerated and historians are overlooking the economic truths about Britain in favour of unemployed textile workers in Manchester. So were Britons living in poverty? Or is this simply and mythical image.Britain was the father of the industrialisation of Europe, the empire and staple industries in Britain helped support the booming economy. But by the 1930s the staple industries were falling apart, foreign competition meant that Britain were being pushed out of the market and this left 2.64 million unemployed in 1931. Industries such as shipbuilding saw 30.6% unemployment and this trend on high unemployment was prevalent throughout the core staple industries such as textiles, coal and steel. This bleak image of mass unemployment supports the claim that the 1930s was the Devils Decade however John Stevenson noted that actually for the majority of the 1930s the staple industries were recovering. Steel production which was badly hit by the wave of depression drowning world commerce showed strong recovery. In 1932, at the height of the depression, only 5.2 million tons of steel was produced.However because of new larger factories (that were spreading across Britain) by 1937 13 million tons of steel was produced, a dramatic improvement. Shipbuilding, which was arguably the most devastated industry by the depression, also showed recovery. Although not as phenomenal as the turnaround in steel Britain saw a rise from 133,000 tons of output in 1933 risen to 970,800 tons by 1938, despite never reaching its heyday of production in 1923 the level of stabilisation in the shipbuilding cannot be overlooked. It was no longer the chaotic industry in the early 1930s that shed workers daily but now a growing industry from the ashes of the Wall Street Crash. The recovery in Shipbuilding was partly helped by the incisiveness of the National Government who introduced a Shipbuilders Act of 1935 which made use of scrap metal. Moreover coalmining was showing some improvement as well due to better organisation and government intervention; the Coal Mines Act of 1930, allowed greater efficiency and simply stabilised a spiralling industry.The recovery of the old industries allowed greater employment opportunities but still unemployment was rife in Britain, therefore the new industries erupted. D.H. Aldcroft argued that the 1930s was a period of sustained economic growth and statistics support this. The motoring industry catalysed the economic revolution, with the introduction of mass production methods and new factories emerging in the Midlands and the South East c ar production rose dramatically. In 1923 only 95,000 cars were produced but by 1937 this number has quintupled to 500,000. As well as for private consumption motoring proved useful in the economy because it allowed better transportation of goods, it could be argued that cars kept Britains economy from true devastation. Furthermore the emergence of giant chemical corporations such as I.C.I and Courtauld meant the chemical industry was employing 100,000 men. Unlike the motoring industry chemical factories werent only situated in the non depressed areas but in places such as North Wales. Finally the housing boom of the 1930s created more jobs and was employing 3/4 million men.The housing boom also created a multiplier effect, demand for glass, wood, cement, paint all rose due to the increase in house building. On the other hand consumer goods proved to be more profitable than all other new industries. Large corporate such as Woolworths, Sainsbury, Unilever and Dunlop dominated domestic markets and rationalisation of smaller companies became a tedious occurrence. Because of greater transportation of goods and growing demand for consumer goods (because of a sustained rise in real wages) the consumer goods industry boomed, similar to 1920s America. Newspapers and cinema was used by companies like Woolworths for advertisement, and the 1930s proved to be the pioneering age of advertisement.Health and malnutrition taint the image of the 1930s although is this fully justified? On average by 1939 Britain was a healthier nation then it had been in 1929. Life expectancy had increased to 60 years of age (from 45 in 1900) and death rates, infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates were all decreasing. Also the conquest of infectious diseases due to greater hygiene and antibiotics allowed further health improvements. Arguably the greatest reason for Britains improving health however was our better diet. The consumption of fruit, vegetables and eggs with the reduction of consumption in bread and potatoes meant the average Briton had a more balanced diet. However there is a reason that the 1930s is connected with malnutrition and poor health, and some of the statistics are shocking, John Boyd Orr, a social investigator and author of Food, Health and Income, conducted a study that looked at the relationship between diet and income. He split 1,000 people into 6 income groups through this sample he revealed that half the population was suffering from some sort of dietary deficiency and more shockingly that one tenth of the population were chronically ill-nourished.The Cole brothers, again social investigators, also conducted a study between a working class family and a middle class family, it revealed that the middle class family ate more meat, eggs and fruit were the working class family were more dependent on bread and potatoes. Furthermore it was discovered that regions who were experiencing more hardship from the depression such as Wigan had far higher death rates then somewhere like Harrow which only had a death rate of 73 persons per 1000 (Wigan was 138 persons). Criticism was also raised over infant mortality rates, despite them dropping on a global level there were former colonies that had better health care then Britain. New Zealand only had 32 deaths for every 1000 live births whereas in Britain the statistic was 57. C.E McNally summed up the health situation with prevention of disease was impossible unless improved housing and dietary conditions could be assured something that would be impossible for working class families.On the other hand Britain was apparently experiencing greater housing conditions. The interwar period saw the completion of 4 million houses and by 1938 there was a housing surplus of 500,000 houses. Considering that in 1918 there were 610,000 houses fewer then families this is an admirable improvement. The National Government also finally implemented its policies of slum clearance which saw slum housing that littered inner industrial cities removed and new hospitable houses built. New high rise council estates were created as a solution to the slum housing problem which meant less land was used and there were affordable alternatives to the slum houses. Despite these improvements however social investigators still criticised Britains housing crisis. The basic problem was there were too much demand for houses and not enough affordable supply.Naturally this resulted in over crowdedness, 12% of Britains population were living with 3 or more persons in one room and approximately half a million people in London lived in overcrowded conditions, Islington, Finsbury and Shoreditch particularly suffered from this housing catastrophe. To clarify what slum housing was Sir Ernest Simon spelled it out so people could understand the destitution people had to endure. He defined slum houses as a fully populated neighbourhood where the houses and conditions of life are of a squalid and wretc hed character. Although how can historians argue with slum clearance, it was clearly the right solution to the housing problem. Social investigators of the time along with contemporary historians simply claimed slum housing was removing the symptoms of poverty and not the causes.Slum houses, poor health were only possible because of the poverty crisis, a clear illustration of what poverty Britain was facing is shown through arguably the most important social investigator of the 1930s, Seebohlm Rowntree. His extensive research into social Britain is a brilliant example of the Devils Decade. Rowntree explained that a family of five could survive on 43 shillings and 6 pence excluding rent, this is the absolute bare minimum needed to maintain physical efficiency. For this to work the main wage earner could not take a single day off work, no tobacco and beer, very plain clothing, no sick clubs or trade unions. Any family that lived below this sum of money would be in poverty, he predicte d that approximately 18% of the entire population were living in these conditions, with 31.1% of working class in poverty.Children, the elderly, widowers, unemployed, low earners and large families were more likely to be subjected to poverty. Tout, a social investigator situated in Bristol, revealed that 9 out of 10 working class families with more than 4 children would result in the children living below the poverty line, Rowntree also unearthed the alarming fact that 49.7% of children between the ages of one-five (in a working class family) were living below the poverty line. Some mothers couldnt afford nappies or milk so they substituted this with water and newspapers. Another embarrassing problem was that old age pensions were not sufficient for the elderly to live above the poverty line. If an elderly couple had no other income apart from their old age pension then they would be living in poverty, this shows the utter incompetence of the governments handling of social services. Furthermore widowers faced a similar benefits trap. As a widower it was inevitable that you would face poverty as men were the predominant wage earners, therefore the government would offer widowers pension. Similar to old age pensions this was not enough to support a women and especially not an entire family. Therefore women could get jobs, but by doing this they would have to get a low paid job and sacrifice their widowers pension, thus widowers faced a double edged sword, either way they would be subjected to abject poverty. The elderly, widowers and children were not the only victms of Britains incapability to protect the poor or sustain an economy, but also the unemployed and low paid. Rowntree stated that a number of trades such as coal miners and cotton workers would be typically paid less then need for basic survival, Unemployment was also growing in the 1930s which meant that the working class were faced with low paid jobs or benefits. Either way it would result in poverty and once caught in the poverty trap it would be hard to get out, the only real helping hand came through Britains late rearmament.Despite being faced with squalid housing, rickets, endless carbohydrates, unemployment, low paid jobs and inevitable poverty at least the 1930s had an alternative. Paid holidays. Billy Butlins and Blackpool proved the place to be when trying to escape the horrendous conditions of city Britain. Holidays were a new phenomenon in 1930s Britain with 11 million Britons having paid holidays in 1939 escapes to the seaside grew increasingly popular. Blackpool had 7 million overnight visitors just in 1937! And holiday camps like Butlins in Skegness allowed affordable holidaying. Leisure opportunities also appeared. The cinema, bingo and dance halls were all continuing to grow with 3 cinemas being open every week. The cinema was an affordable enterprise open to all classes in Britain and proved very important to social cohesion throughout the decade. Also after the 1920s dance halls were becoming very fashionable and boomed in popularity.The 1930s was a truly remarkable decade; Britain unusually saw affluence and poverty side by side. Although arguably the idea of affluence and poverty in Britain isnt unusual, it was only because of Seebohlm Rowntree, the Cole brothers, Tout, John Boyd Orr and other social investigators that people actually take notice of the poverty in the 1930s. One finds confusing that people label the 1930s as devilish because the working classes abject poverty. I have to raise the question though, when were the working class not in poverty? For centurys industrial workers of Manchester, York, Newcastle had been underpaid and endured inhumane conditions. Personally I feel that the 1930s simply highlighted the social problems of Britain which had gone unnoticed for decades. It was neither a dawn of affluence nor a devils decade. Despite economic statistics begging to differ, the thorough social investigations dismiss this concept; statistics cannot speak louder than accounted human suffering. Britain in the 1930s was laced with unemployment, malnutrition and reckless appeasement, but then we also saw cars and pencillin.